Lantern festival: A glowing celebration of tradition and togetherness
The Lantern Festival (Yuanxiao Festival) marks the grand finale of the Chinese New Year celebrations. Falling on the 15th day of the Lunisolar calendar's first month, this festival is a time of joy, reunion, and dazzling lights. In 2025, the Lantern Festival falls on February 12. With a history spanning over 2,000 years, the Lantern Festival is a cherished tradition filled with colorful lanterns, delicious treats, and lively activities.
The origins of the Lantern Festival date back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE), when it was initially associated with honoring the Buddha. Over time, it evolved into a secular celebration of family and togetherness, gaining prominence during the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) when elaborate lantern displays became a popular form of entertainment, symbolizing prosperity and good fortune.
One of the most iconic traditions of the festival is the lighting and display of lanterns. In ancient times, people believed lanterns could ward off evil spirits and bring blessings for the coming year. Today, streets, parks, and temples are adorned with glowing lanterns of all shapes and sizes, often featuring intricate designs of animals, historical figures, or mythical creatures. Another beloved custom is solving lantern riddles. These riddles, written on slips of paper and attached to lanterns, challenge festivalgoers to test their wit and knowledge. If a person solves a riddle correctly, they may receive a small prize or simply enjoy the satisfaction of unraveling the mystery. For example, a common lantern riddle is: "It has hands but no fingers, it tells time but does not speak. What is it?" (Answer: A clock). Dragon and lion dances add excitement to the festivities, with performers showcasing dazzling acrobatics and rhythmic drumming. These traditional performances are believed to bring good luck and drive away misfortune.
No Lantern Festival is complete without indulging in tangyuan (or yuanxiao), glutinous rice balls filled with sweet or savory ingredients. These delightful treats symbolize family unity and completeness, as their round shape represents togetherness. However, there is a notable difference between how this delicacy is prepared and enjoyed in northern and southern China. In the north, yuanxiao is made by rolling small pieces of solid filling in a tray of glutinous rice flour until they form round, firm balls. They have a slightly chewier texture and are often deep-fried or boiled. In the south, tangyuan is made by kneading glutinous rice flour with water into a dough, then wrapping the filling inside before rolling it into smooth spheres. These are typically boiled and served in a warm, sweet soup. Despite these regional differences, both versions are essential to the Lantern Festival feast and are enjoyed with equal enthusiasm across China.
While the Lantern Festival has deep historical roots, it continues to evolve in modern times. In major cities across China and beyond, large-scale lantern festivals are held, showcasing high-tech light displays and interactive exhibits. In some places, sky lanterns are released into the night sky, creating a breathtaking spectacle of floating lights. The festival also has a romantic element, as it was once considered an occasion for young people to meet potential partners in traditional China. Some even call it the "Chinese Valentine's Day."Whether enjoyed for its dazzling lanterns, lively performances, or delicious treats, the Lantern Festival remains a vibrant and cherished celebration. As families and friends gather under the glow of lanterns, the festival serves as a beautiful reminder of unity, hope, and the joy of new beginnings.